NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

This is the first and most important chapter of class 12 Physics as it covers the basics of Electric Charges and Fields which will be used in subsequent chapters. So this makes the chapter very important for all students. The chapter has a theory as well as exercise questions for practice. It talks about concepts such as the smallest unit of charge or quantum of charge, Coulomb’s law and its effect as seen in combs and cat’s hair. 

This is the second chapter of Physics for class 12 students. It deals with Electrostatic potential and Capacitance, both due to point charges and dipoles. This is a very important chapter from the point of view of exams as it allows students to understand the basics of electrostatics which can be used to solve even complex problems. Even JEE advanced questions could be made on simple concepts of capacitance. Dielectric and polarisation are two topics of material science which can be explained using the concepts of this chapter. 

This is a favourite chapter of JEE paper setters who have created infinite questions with varying combinations of resistors and capacitors and how the current flows through them. This is also a must ask question for CBSE board exam. The varying combination of resistors and wheatstone bridge are one of the sure shot questions appearing every year in board exam. This chapter includes theory as well as a good set of practice questions to help you gain confidence in this topic. 

Chapter 4 of class 12 Physics deals with moving charge and magnetic effect of moving charges. This is one of the most important chapters from this book. The Electric and Magnetic effect of moving charges are interconnected, and both can be explained as a form of other.This is explained by Maxwell using his 4 equations of Electromagnetism. The effect of change in charge takes place at the speed of light, so a change in charge because of motion or otherwise will be reflected at the point of interest after r/c time interval.

This chapter 5 of class 12 Physics deals with Magnetic properties of matter. This also explores the possibility of a monopole and why it can’t exist explained using Maxwell’s equation. That means that Magnetic poles always exist in pairs. Other topics covered under this chapter are ferromagnetic materials and paramagnetic material and their usage in various applications such as transformers. Questions from this chapter are mostly theoretical in nature which are very important for CBSE board exams but not so much important for JEE. 

This chapter is very important from the point of view of Current generation and working principle of electric motor and generator. Electromagnetic induction is the principle behind change in various forms of energy such as electrical to mechanical or mechanical to electrical. The chapter also discusses Faraday’s law of Induction and Lenz’s law. Exercises are there in the end which are crucial in the understanding of concepts.  

This is one of the most important chapters from the point of view of engineering entrance exams. IT deals with LC, RC, and LCR circuits and the role of frequency in deciding impedance and resistance. It also discusses power in an AC circuit and transformers. The decay of current in LCR circuit when power supply is removed is also one of the topics covered in this chapter. 

This chapter discusses some very important concepts of Physics such as Electromagnetic waves, wave spectrum and visible range and the displacement current. The speed and properties of electromagnetic waves in various media, their usage in microwave, radio waves and X-rays. Methods of detection and their effects on humans are also discussed, thus making it one of the most important chapters of class 12 Physics. 

This chapter of class 12 Physics introduces the student to Optics and how to calculate focus and image distance of an object. Reflection and refraction of light are studied by various media and surfaces, such as spherical surface, plane surface and parabolic surfaces. Path of light through a Prism and glass slabs are also discussed. The path of light through curved surface is studied in more detail by combining two surfaces to form a lens. Students get to study how the change in radius of curvature changes the focal length of a lens. This is a very important topic from the examination point of view, as 1 or 2 questions will definitely come from this chapter. 

Chapter 10 of class 12 Physics introduces the student to wave optics and wave particle duality principle. This chapter treats light as a wave and we see phenomenon such as superposition of waves and interference of waves which lead to pattern formation on screens which could not be explained by ray optics. Experiments such as Young’s double slit experiment and coherent and incoherent addition of waves could be understood using wave optics. Other important applications of wave optics such as thin film coating on glasses and car mirrors are also discussed.

This is the introduction of students to Quantum Physics and dual nature of radiation and matter are discussed here. All matter has wave properties and all waves have material properties. This duality is used to explain photoelectric emission, quantum of radiation and wave nature of matter. Problems on these concepts are also given in the end which lead to conceptual clarity. 

This chapter introduces students to particle physics and structure of atom and evolution of a model of atom which could explain all the observations. Thomson’s model, Bohr model and quantum model of Hydrogen atom are the important models to be studied. Experiments such as Rutherford’s Alpha particle scattering experiment, atomic spectra and De-Broglie wavelength of atoms are the topics covered in this chapter.  

This chapter introduces the Nuclei to students. Nuclei is made up of neutrons and protons and they are bound together tightly by strong nuclear forces. The composition of nuclei, their size and charge is discussed in detail. The concept of nuclear energy and fission and fusion of nucleons which forms the basis of nuclear reactor is discussed in this chapter. 

Chapter 14 of class 12 Physics discusses classification of materials among semiconductor materials, conductors and insulators. It goes on to discuss the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic semiconductors, effect and methods of doping semiconductors and their application. The various devices made using semiconductors such as diode, junction and rectifiers are also discussed 

This is the last chapter of class 12 Physics. It covers the three basic elements of communication including the transmitter, channel and receiver. The bandwidth of signal, bandwidth of transmission medium, modulation, amplitude modulated waves and electromagnetic waves are also discussed. There are exercise questions in the end for students to practice.